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Research ArticleREVIEWS

US and International Health Professions’ Requirements for Continuing Professional Development

Deanna Tran, Toyin Tofade, Namrata Thakkar and Michael Rouse
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education August 2014, 78 (6) 129; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe786129
Deanna Tran
aSchool of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
PharmD
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Toyin Tofade
aSchool of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
PharmD, MS
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Namrata Thakkar
bYork Hospital, York, Pennsylvania
PharmD
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Michael Rouse
cAccreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, Chicago, Illinois
BPharm (Hons)MPS
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Abstract

There is not a comprehensive global analysis of continuing professional development (CPD) and continuing education (CE) in the major health professions in published literature. The aim of this article is to summarize findings from the US and international literature on CPD and CE practices in the health professions, comparing the different requirements and frameworks to see what similarities and challenges exist and what the future focus should be for the pharmacy profession. A literature review was conducted on CPD and CE in selected health professions, namely pharmacy, medicine, nursing, ophthalmology, dentistry, public health, and psychology. Over 300 papers from the health professions were retrieved and screened. Relevant articles based on the abstracts and introductions were summarized into tabular form by profession, minimum requirements for licensure, nature of credits, guidelines on how to record CE and CPD activities, and specific CE and CPD definitions. Wide variations exist among the health professions. Lessons learned from this information can be used to further clarify and define the role of CE and CPD and self-directed lifelong learning in pharmacy and the health professions.

Keywords
  • continuing professional development
  • health professions
  • framework
  • requirements
  • Received October 9, 2013.
  • Accepted January 22, 2014.
  • © 2014 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
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American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Vol. 78, Issue 6
15 Aug 2014
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US and International Health Professions’ Requirements for Continuing Professional Development
Deanna Tran, Toyin Tofade, Namrata Thakkar, Michael Rouse
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Aug 2014, 78 (6) 129; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe786129

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US and International Health Professions’ Requirements for Continuing Professional Development
Deanna Tran, Toyin Tofade, Namrata Thakkar, Michael Rouse
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Aug 2014, 78 (6) 129; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe786129
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