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Research ArticleINNOVATIONS IN TEACHING

Advancing Pharmacogenomics Education in the Core PharmD Curriculum through Student Personal Genomic Testing

Solomon M. Adams, Kacey B. Anderson, James C. Coons, Randall B. Smith, Susan M. Meyer, Lisa S. Parker and Philip E. Empey
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education February 2016, 80 (1) 3; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8013
Solomon M. Adams
aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
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Kacey B. Anderson
aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
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James C. Coons
bDepartment of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy
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Randall B. Smith
aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
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Susan M. Meyer
bDepartment of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy
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Lisa S. Parker
cDepartment of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Philip E. Empey
bDepartment of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy
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    Figure 1.

    Excerpt from the exercise in which students used custom software, individual genetic data (their own or an external dataset), simplified translation table adapted from PharmGKB,17 and CPIC guidelines to identify their diplotype and phenotype to make a clinical decision.

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    Figure 2

    A and B. CYP2C19 diplotype frequencies reported from individual data. (A) The concordance between student-faculty diplotype assignments and population similarity to an external established frequencies in Caucasian population as reported by HapMap-CEU phase 325 suggests that students were overall successful in completing the in-class exercise. (B) Class population-based frequencies of the pharmacogenes CYP2C9, VKORC1 rs9923231, and SLCO1B1 rs4149056 from students who submitted data (n=70). Findings showed that among these common genes, 86% of students had at least one actionable genotype.

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    Figure 3

    A and B. Student perceptions of their pharmacogenomics knowledge stratified by whether they underwent personal genomic testing (PGT). (A): Student-reported agreement with the statement that they know enough about genetics to understand PGT results stratified by whether students’ underwent PGT. Genotyped students showed a significant shift toward agreement with the statement on the postsurvey vs presurvey, while students who did not undergo genotyping showed only a trend toward shift in agreement on the postsurvey (B): Student reported agreement with the statement that they understand the risks and benefits of using PGT services in pre/postsurveys, stratified by the students' decision whether to undergo genotyping or not. Both groups of students showed a significant shift toward agreement with the statement in the postsurvey vs the presurvey.

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American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Vol. 80, Issue 1
25 Feb 2016
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Advancing Pharmacogenomics Education in the Core PharmD Curriculum through Student Personal Genomic Testing
Solomon M. Adams, Kacey B. Anderson, James C. Coons, Randall B. Smith, Susan M. Meyer, Lisa S. Parker, Philip E. Empey
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Feb 2016, 80 (1) 3; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8013

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Advancing Pharmacogenomics Education in the Core PharmD Curriculum through Student Personal Genomic Testing
Solomon M. Adams, Kacey B. Anderson, James C. Coons, Randall B. Smith, Susan M. Meyer, Lisa S. Parker, Philip E. Empey
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Feb 2016, 80 (1) 3; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8013
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Keywords

  • pharmacogenomics
  • curriculum
  • active learning
  • personal genomic testing
  • genetics

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