Research ArticleRESEARCH

Establishing Validity Evidence for Parallel Patient-Provider Empathy Scales to Drive Self-reflection

Michelle L. Blakely, Benjamin D Aronson, Aleda M. H. Chen, Mary E Kiersma, Emily Wicker and Juanita A. Draime
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education November 2022, 86 (8) ajpe8801; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8801

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  • Figure 1.
    Figure 1.

    Overview of methods utilized to establish validity evidence for parallel empathy scales and engage students in a simulated patient encounter. Abbreviations: OSCE=Objective structured clinical examination; KCES-R=Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale-Revised; KCES-PV= Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale-Patient Version.

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Establishing Validity Evidence for Parallel Patient-Provider Empathy Scales to Drive Self-reflection
Michelle L. Blakely, Benjamin D Aronson, Aleda M. H. Chen, Mary E Kiersma, Emily Wicker, Juanita A. Draime
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Nov 2022, 86 (8) ajpe8801; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8801
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