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Research ArticleRESEARCH

Validity Evidence for a Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process Self-Efficacy Scale (PPCP-SES) Among Pharmacy Students

Marwa Noureldin and Brittany Melton
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education November 2020, ajpe8290; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8290
Marwa Noureldin
aManchester University, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Fort Wayne, Indiana
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Brittany Melton
bUniversity of Kansas, School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas
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Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to further refine and examine validity evidence of an instrument assessing pharmacy students’ self-efficacy in implementing the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process (PPCP) components.

Methods. An instrument was developed and pilot tested during Spring 2018 at one college of pharmacy. In Spring 2019, a modified instrument, the PPCP Self-Efficacy Scale (PPCP-SES) was administered to third year professional pharmacy (P3) students across seven institutions. Self-efficacy items were based on Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and were rated on a continuous scale (0-100). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results. Three hundred P3 students completed the PPCP-SES. The domain-specific Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were: “Collect” α=0.89, “Assess” α=0.92, “Plan” α=0.95, “Implement” α=0.96, and “Follow-up” α=0.95. Based on CFA, three items were removed. Model fit statistics indicated the overall instrument had moderate goodness of fit.

Conclusion. Results indicate the PPCP-SES demonstrated initial evidence of validity for use by pharmacy faculty members to identify students’ self-efficacy related to implementing components of the PPCP. Future research is needed to examine validity evidence in other student populations and among practicing pharmacists.

Keywords
  • self-efficacy
  • pharmacists’ patient care process
  • assessment
  • validity
  • instrument
  • Received July 14, 2020.
  • Accepted October 26, 2020.
  • © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
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American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Vol. 85, Issue 2
1 Feb 2021
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Validity Evidence for a Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process Self-Efficacy Scale (PPCP-SES) Among Pharmacy Students
Marwa Noureldin, Brittany Melton
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Nov 2020, ajpe8290; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8290

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Validity Evidence for a Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process Self-Efficacy Scale (PPCP-SES) Among Pharmacy Students
Marwa Noureldin, Brittany Melton
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Nov 2020, ajpe8290; DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8290
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Keywords

  • self-efficacy
  • pharmacists’ patient care process
  • assessment
  • validity
  • instrument

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