Rank Ordered Perceived Impact of Different Technologies and Resources on Learning
| Technology or Resource | Mean (SD)a | Very Beneficial N (%) | Beneficial N (%) | Indifferent N (%) | Detrimental N (%) | Very Detrimental N (%) |
| Course material posted on Web site | 4.8 (0.5) | 140 (79.1%) | 33 (18.6) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 0 |
| In-class electronic presentations | 4.7 (0.6) | 134 (75.7) | 33 (18.6) | 8 (4.5) | 2 (1.1) | 0 |
| 4.5 (0.7) | 108 (61.0) | 58 (32.8) | 7 (4.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0 | |
| Digital audio files | 4.2 (0.8) | 80 (45.2) | 49 (27.7) | 37 (20.9) | 2 (1.1) | 0 |
| Online testing | 4.0 (1.0) | 65 (36.7) | 69 (39.0) | 29 (16.4) | 9 (5.1) | 4 (2.3) |
| Digital video files | 4.0 (0.9) | 60 (33.9) | 44 (24.9) | 52 (29.4) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) |
| Handheld device | 3.6 (0.8) | 19 (10.7) | 53 (29.9) | 63 (35.6) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) |
| Course textbook | 3.5 (0.8) | 14 (7.9) | 53 (29.9) | 76 (42.9) | 3 (1.7) | 3 (1.7) |
| Instant messaging tools | 3.4 (0.7) | 13 (7.3) | 29 (16.4) | 77 (43.5) | 4 (2.3) | 0 |
| Video-teleconferencing in class | 3.3 (0.9) | 21 (11.9) | 28 (15.8) | 75 (42.4) | 16 (9.0) | 3 (1.7) |
| Audience response systems | 3.3 (0.8) | 14 (8.0) | 41 (23.3) | 87 (49.4) | 9 (5.1) | 4 (2.3) |
| Threaded discussion tools | 3.1 (0.6) | 6 (3.4) | 14 (8.0) | 102 (58.3) | 8 (4.6) | 0 |
↵a based on a 5 point Likert scale anchored at 5 = very beneficial and 1 = very detrimental.